The Summit Craters

The senses tell The Summit craters

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The inside of the summit craters

If you are lucky, trained and accustomed to high altitudes and trekking, and especially if there is no ongoing eruption, you can fully enjoy the sight of the inside of the summit craters. Straight away, you notice the ever-present tall gas columns coming from the summit fumarole fields.

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Internal activity

In absolute silence, even without seeing ash clouds rising from the bottom of the craters, you can distinctly see some explosions: these are simply gas bubbles exploding inside the volcanic conduit when they are about to reach the surface.

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Thin air

In addition to the omnipresent odour from the fumaroles of the Etna summit area, when you breathe in the air you sense that there is very little oxygen. In reality, the quantity of oxygen in the mixture that makes up the air is the same, but the lower atmospheric pressure here causes the rarefication of the entire air mixture.

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The vibrating ground

While standing, seated or placing your hands on the crater perimeter, you will feel the ground vibrate, caused by the explosions inside the volcanic conduit.

The senses tell The Summit craters

The continuous evolution of the Etna summit craters

Etna: a marvellous group of microclimates and vegetation

The Red Mountains and the destructive eruption of 1669

The Etna viewpoint

Lachea Island and the Aci Trezza Stacks

The senses tell Acicastello and Acitrezza

An ever-evolving volcano

Valle del Leone and the Elliptical

The Jaci river

Acireale and its “timpe”

The senses tell The Etna viewpoint

Etna, the living mountain

The senses tell Torre del Filosofo

The eruption of 1928 that destroyed the town of Mascali

The first Etnean volcanic events between Aci Castello and Aci Trezza

Humankind and the volcano: how should we behave? Volcanic risk

Empedocles and his passion for Etna

The Elliptical, the first great volcano of Etna

The senses tell Val Calanna

The senses tell Valle del Leone

The earthquake that changed the geography of eastern Sicily in 1693

The senses tell Acireale

The fault system of the “Timpe” of Acireale

The 1669 eruption in Catania

The different names of the “Muntagna”

Etna, wine terroir of excellence

Volcanic monitoring and eruption forecasting

The Grand Tour in Sicily

The senses tell The Red Mountains

Summit crater activity between 2011 and 2019

Val Calanna, the first step towards a single large volcanic structure

The “notches” of snow

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Etna, an ever-changing natural laboratory

A fauna context yet to be discovered

Why did Etna form in that specific geographical position?

The 2001 eruption of Mount Etna, where the approach to volcanoes changed

Torre del Filosofo: at the base of the summit craters (2950 metres)

Acireale and reconstruction after the 1693 earthquake