19 Apr 2022

Roger II

Successor of the Grand Count Roger I of Hauteville, Roger II was born in Mileto on 22 December 1095. When Duke William died without an heir, he was appointed Duke of Salerno and, despite the hostility of Pope Honorius II, he obtained important victories in Calabria and Apulia in a short space of tim...
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19 Apr 2022

Roger II

Successor of the Grand Count Roger I of Hauteville, Roger II was born in Mileto on 22 December 1095. When Duke William died without an heir, he was appointed Duke of Salerno and, despite the hostility of Pope Honorius II, he obtained important victories in Calabria and Apulia in a short space of tim...
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19 Apr 2022

Agia Kiriaki (Saint Kyriaki)

The Byzantine Church of Santa Domenica Kiriaca was dedicated to Saint Kyriaki, or Santa Domenica di Tropea, and stood in the western countryside, near the village of Rocca. Later donated to the monastery of Santa Maria Nuova, it was probably the seat of the diocese of Palermo during the Arab dominat...
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19 Apr 2022

Bishop Nicodemus

During the Islamic domination, Bishop Nicodemus kept the Greek episcopal tradition alive in Palermo. The bishop moved to the Church of Santa Domenica Ciriaca, in the Monreale area, which became the last Christian stronghold. When the Normans arrived, Nicodemus was brought back to Palermo to convert ...
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19 Apr 2022

Gami Mosque

The Gami Mosque, built on the site of an early Byzantine settlement, was a large building open for worship, as its name suggests, on Fridays. Re-adapted by the Aghlabid dynasty, sources say that it could accommodate seven thousand people and was distinguished by its size and magnificence. The quadra...
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19 Apr 2022

Norman family of Hautevilles

The Hautevilles is a family of Norman origin. Descendants of Tancred, Lord of Hauteville-la-Guichard, they succeeded in creating the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria in the 11th century, headed by Robert Guiscard, and the County of Sicily under Roger I. Roger, known as the Great Count, was responsible f...
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19 Apr 2022

Nicholas II

Born about 980, he became Pope under the name Nicholas II in December 1058. Having banished the antipope Benedict X, Nicholas II carried out numerous reforms, including the Lateran Council, according to which the election of the new pope was the prerogative of the cardinals, to the detriment of the ...
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19 Apr 2022

Concordat of Melfi

The Concordat of Melfi, dated 23 August 1059, was also concluded to uphold the previous Treaty of Melfi. The agreement was made between Pope Nicholas II, the Norman Robert of Hauteville, known as Guiscard, and Richard I of Aversa. Through this concordat, Robert and his brother Roger I became vassals...
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19 Apr 2022

Great Count Roger

Roger I, son of Tancred of Hauteville, was Count of Calabria and Sicily. He was born in Hauteville-la-Guichard, Normandy in 1031. Roger, known as the Great Count, was responsible for the conquest of Sicily, together with his brother Robert Guiscard. After the 1061 landing in Messina and the surrende...
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19 Apr 2022

Robert Guiscard

Robert of Hauteville, known as Guiscard, son of Tancred and an able military leader, married the Salerno princess Sikelgaita in his second marriage. His story was thus linked to that of the city of Salerno, which he besieged and conquered in 1076. Robert was the first Norman prince of Salerno: the c...
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